The data cast a cloud over near-term U.S. growth and bolstered the case for an interest rate cut by the Federal Reserve later this year, pushing the euro to a session peak at $1.3610
Earlier this week, the dollar enjoyed its biggest rally in two months against the most liquid currencies as reports showing strength in the U.S. manufacturing and services sectors in April snapped a string of weak economic data.
"The dollar's recovery has been cut short by the weaker-than-expected employment data," said Marc Chandler, senior strategist at Brown Brothers Harriman in New York.
According to the Labor Department release, U.S. employers added 88,000 new positions in April, fewer than forecast and less than half of March's total gains.
It also revised down the number of jobs created in March and February, suggesting the labor market was not as resistant to the slowing economy as previously thought.
Midafternoon, the euro was up 0.3 percent at $1.3600, while the dollar was down 0.25 percent to 120.08 yen, just above an intraday low of 119.92 yen
Against the Swiss franc, the dollar fell 0.4 percent to 1.2103 francs
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Strategists said the dollar remains vulnerable since the weaker jobs number leaves investors to focus on slower U.S. growth at a time when other major economies, including Britain and the euro zone, continue to show signs of expansion.
Both the Bank of England and European Central Bank have policy meetings next week, with the former expected to raise interest rates to 5.5 percent -- above 5.25 percent in the United States -- and the latter seen preparing markets for a hike in June.
Currencies with higher interest rates offer a higher yield and are thus more attractive to investors.
"Until next week, when we have central bank meetings, we are likely to keep seeing the buck sliding," said Mark Meadows, currency analyst at Tempus Consulting in Washington.
The Fed also holds a one-day policy meeting next week but is widely expected to keep interest rates on hold.
The dollar has weakened considerably in the past year, falling to 26-year lows against sterling and all-time lows against the euro.
The dollar index <.DXY> slipped 0.3 percent to 81.720 after having traded earlier at its highest since April 17.
"I still think there has been a material loss of the dollar's upside momentum," said Alan Ruskin, chief global strategist at RBS Greenwich in Greenwich, Connecticut.
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